Why may replication (not) be happening - Recommendations on EU R&I and regulatory policies

This policy brief investigates the reasons why replication of smart urban energy, mobility and ICT solutions for a clean energy future may be difficult. While evidence from smart city projects suggests that the devil is often in the details, it is at the same time possible to determine common mechanisms that appear to hamper replication. The present paper identifies and discusses some of these common barriers and presents opportunities for overcoming them.