This English, French and German version of the solution booklet presents electric buses’ replication potential and barriers from a technical, financial, social and governance perspective. Desk research, expert interviews with different stakeholders and webinars were conducted in order to gather experiences from various EU/national/regional/local projects in different European countries.

E-buses currently represent 6.1% of the sales of new buses in Europe. The decarbonisation of public transport systems will be crucial as European countries and cities move towards a net zero economy, and as such...

Half of the energy consumed in Europe is used for heating and cooling, and 75% of this energy is still coming from fossil fuels. Additionally, much of this energy is wasted due to inefficiencies in the heating and cooling systems. State-of-the-art, sustainable district heating and cooling systems offer a unique opportunity to make significant contributions to decarbonise EU cities through the efficient distribution of heat and cold from renewable energy sources.

District heating networks (initially centralised heat production, delivered through distribution networks) have been present in cities...