Why may replication (not) be happening - Recommendations on EU R&I and regulatory policies

The present policy analysis investigates the reasons why replication of smart urban energy, mobility and ICT solutions for a clean energy future may be difficult. While evidence from smart city projects suggests that the devil is often in the details, it is at the same time possible to determine common mechanisms that appear to hamper replication. The present paper identifies and discusses some general barriers and presents opportunities for overcoming them. Further, more specific barriers and opportunities will be examined in follow-up publications with a view to formulating additional policy recommendations.